Ethan campbell



' A PETERS. PHOT0-L1THOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D C.

V.Ermua CAMPBELL, xor `Naw YORK `N. Y.

rrrcn N SUGAR-Maxine.

Specification of Il'ietters,'.Patent No. 4,240,.dated0tober25, 1845.

To @ZZ/whom t may concern: up to a propel' heat'by steam, which is Vto Be it known that I, ETHAN CAMrBnLL, be admitted bythe cock g, `unto the Vsteam ofthe city, county, andState of New York,; pipes f, formed in a coil Withinthe .Vessel philosophical engineer, `have invented and` A, and in boiling a solution of raw sugar made and applied to use certain new and A for refining, or any other article .requiring 60 useful improvements in the mechanical, steam to enter` into it the steam is to be Aadmeans of filtering and purifying the juicel mitted into the vessel and liquid by the 0f sugar-canes or the juice of beet-roots or cock g2, `see Fig.` `2. The steam being preof other vegetable 4substances containing vented going through the eduction pipe t,

saccharine matter. and of filtering and puriby closing the cock g3. i 65 fying `any solution of cyrstallizable subntreatingfunconverted vegetable sacchastances previous to `evaporating the same rine juices, or other articles, not requiring into syrup or crystallizing or granulating steam toenter them, the cock g2, is tobe the same into sugar or producing the crys closed, an'd the cock g3, is to belopened, and

tals of any vegetable or mineral substances, `the. articles are to be heated, by theV current 70 which improved means are equally available of steam through the pipes f, passing bythe in the process of converting raw `sugar of cock g3, and pipe h, to any COIlVeneIlt reany `kindinto refined sugar and of filtering ceiver of the water of condensation.V At one and `purifying vegetable or animal oils `or endof the `vessel A is an exit valvea, openunctuous matter, and for which improved ing downward heldby the rod` b, jointed to 75 mechanical means and the application herethe steelyard lever CZ, whose fulcrum "is on ofto `any purposes for which itl is available the Standard c. A shifting counter` weight I seek `Letters Patentof the United States, 6, iS on the lever (Z, t0 regulate the valve a,

and that thesaid improved means andthe 0I a cock may be used, instead of a valve.

mode of `constructing and using the same Theffittings of-this portion oflthe apparatus 80 are fully and substantially shown and set are shown in section in the detached forth in the following description and in 2. Beneath the valve a, is the connecting the drawings annexed to andmaking a part pipe z', and branch steam lpipe la, with a of this specification, whereinstop cock Z. These and the valve a, open rlhe principali Figure l is a general colinto the intermediate cylinder B.. This is 85 lective representation of the apparatus as shown fitted with a small common `safety invented and arranged `by me shown as in l,valve witha graduatedlever by whichany use; the detached figures are separately reinternal pressure. `beyond vthat actually referred to, and the same letters and numbers, quired from the steam will Ibe allowed to as marks of reference, apply to the same pass off and may escape `into .the atmos- 90 partsin allthe several figures. phere or may be .taken by the pipe 5 into A, is an open vessel of `any converient the liquor inthe heater A, as shown in-,the form or size, or material, which in refining principaliigure.` Thisarrangement may be raw sugar, is technically termed the blow available in `filtering goods that require up Y `or heater, and in my processes, may.l watching soasto govern the `supply from 95 either receive water that is saturated with `theyblow. up to thel cylinder B, byfhand with` raw sugar for refining, or` it may receive `the valve a, and. cock Z. B ut where itfis cane juice. `But `root juice, or other vegewished to maintainTacontinuousqsupplly of table and saccharine juices, accordingtothe `,hot-liquor from the blowupdthe modeA of kind of juice it `may be intended to filter` `fitting theinterior of thecylinder .B shown 100 for sugar, or any liquor, containing in solu sectionally in .the detached Fig. 9,..willbe tion crystallizable vegetable or mineral subv- `besttouse Inithis Z, isthe steam cock Aand stances, or vegetableror animal.oils, or unc- Ji: the steam pipeas before but the pipe ,7c tuous mattergthese are to be suppliedin any 'opens into ,a separate steam valve box 7c convenient manner, `from a tank` or reser-` wit-hpa steam valve czopening upward the 105 voir into the blow up or heater, where stemof which isadjustable by nuts at the` the solution, or liquid, or other matter under lower end above and belqw is thecross letreatment, is to be kept in motion, by agiver 7c3. This is jointed at one end to the tators Ior stirrers, of .any convenient form, inside of the top of ,'thecylinder. The until the mass under treatment is brought moving end of this lever carries a similarly 110 adjusted spindle of the valve lcv4 which opens downward from the blow up and the chain 6 connects the lever 704 to a buoy float Z6 placed within the cylinder B the parts being so adjusted that when the cylinder is nearly empty as shown in Fig. 9, the weight of' the buoy float 7c tightening the chain 6 by its weight pulls down and shuts the steam valve 7a2, and opens the supply valve c* downward to admit a fresh supply of liquor from the blo-w up above and on this supply nearly filling the cylinder B the buoy risingshuts the supply valve 104 and opens the steam valve 702, the pressure of steam now` admitted forces the valve cf upward against the supply from the blow up and accelerates the exit of the liquor by the pressure on the upper face of the buoy beneath which at the bottom of the cylinder B, is a forked branch pipem, having in its legs, the liquor cocks or valves m1, m2,' neXt below these the descending pipe n, on the right of the figure leads into a filter box C, and this is connected by the pipe 0, to a second filter box D. On the left of the figure, the second descending pipe n, leads into the third filter boX E, and this is connected by the pipe o', to the fourth filter boX F. These boXes may be made o-f wood, but it is preferable to make them of metal, as they are represented in the drawing. On the top of each filterboX is a flanch s, through which the bolts r, 7, are screwed to secure the covers p, p, these must vhave a small air escape cock s2 on the top, and be made to lit or be packed, air and water tight, on the flanches, but to remove them easily, for purposes, hereafter stated, they are to be secured by wrench handled or butterfly nuts g, q, Q, o-r by a slide passing through staples or slots in the tops of the bolts, or by any other convenient inode.

At the bottom of each filter boX are shown the exit pipes t, t, each fitted with an exit cock o, v, opening into the leader pipes Gr or H. These empty into the receiving tank, I, whence the filtered liquor, juice, or syrup, may be taken to a boiler, for reduction, by evaporation into sugar, or into crystals of' the matter held in solution in the liquor, when the apparatus is used for filtering such` liquids. In the detached Fig. 8, the exit pipes t, t, are shown, as made under t-he boxes, instead of within them, and this mode may be generally the best in practice, as it allows the filter boX to empty more completely, when in work, and the sedi ments and filth, left in the bottom, can be more easily run of, and cleaned out. The frames or leaves L, that are the portions of this apparatus by which the filtration is effected are shown sectionally and endwise, collectively in place, for use in the detached Fig. 3.

The detac' if i Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation of the frame and Fig. 5, a corresponding cross section thereof. Fig. 6, is a sectional lengthwise elevation, in place, and Fig. 7, is a perspective representation of a set of frames, or leaves,`with the exit pipe t, and cock o, in place for use, as they would appear without the filter boxes. In these filter leaves or frames L, the lower frame piece y, has a groove in the middle of the upper side, finishing centrally in the exit thimbles m, these when in place for use, enter the eXit nozzles u, u, in the pipes t, the frames or leaves L, standing at right angles with the pipes t, the top frame piece y', also of wood, is strongly connected to the lower frame piece y, by end pieces of sheet metal or of wood, if of metal these are made convex outward and turned over, and screwed on the ends of the pieces y, y', and the intermediary bars e, are secured in at the top end by a single tenon and at the bottom end by a double tenen with an opening be# tween them so as to pass the fluid and not to enter the groove in the bottom frame piece y. A connecting bar z2, sets and strengthens the frame, and when thus made, and wanted for use, a bag of heavy double twilled cotton duck cloth, with a hole at the bottom neatly bound to fit and pass the thimble w, and made by cutting to shape and sewing together so as to fit the frame quite tight, is to be drawn over each frame and thoroughly wetted, at the top, only, to turn over and roll tight, and being made long enough to turn over at top, is secured by rolling the surplus length round the tightening rods l, the ends of which are prevented from turning by the end handle turning down to be held by the staple clasp 2. These are shown separate above the Fig. 4, and in place for use in the detached Figs. 3, 6, 7, and 8. These filter frames L, are herein described, as made of wood and metal, similar to those I have had in use and the bags are described as made of heavy double twilled cotton duck, because I have found, in practice, this is the best material for the int-ended purpose; woolen cloth, of any kind, does not answer so well, and linen, hemp, or silk bags, have not answered at all, in my practice. The filter frames L, are shown with the lower frame piece jz/ shorter than the upper frame piece y, so as to allow the frame to be tapered downward as in this form, only, the bags can be easily put on, and taken off, and

'at the same time fit, with the required tightness over the frames. Within each lter boX L, are two lugs 3, with a screw through each, and when each filter frame or leaf is in place, a binding bar 4, is placed under the lugs and then screwed down, by this, the thimbles m, are forced into the nozzles u, u, and the leaves are held firmly in place, as shown in the detached Fig. 3, a better mode, however, is to fasten the keeper bar {.t, under the cover, with expansive segmen tal springs beneath, and occupying the space, between the tops of the -iilter frames, and the underside ofthe filter box cover, so that when the cover is screwed down, the act of doing that, xesjthe filter leaves in place, as required.

The tops or covers p, 79, are to be packed and fastened down, air and steam tight, by the nuts Q, g, and when thus litted, the apparatus is to be used as follows. The blow up or heater A, is to be fitted with the solution, or article intended for liltration. If this is a solution of raw sugar for refining the cocks g and g2, are to be opened and the cock g3, to be closed, and the solution boiled, by the admission of steam in the usual way. If juice of cane, and beet roots or any unconverted vegetable juice, containing saccharine matter, is to be treated, the cock g2 is to be closed and the cocks g g3, opened so that the juice shall be heated nearly to the boiling point, by the current of high pressure steam passing through the pipes f, f to a point where the steam will be allowed to pass olf as it condenses. In either of these operations, the proportion of saaccharine matter in the solution, or juice, is to be ascertained by a Saccharometer, in the usual way, and a chemical compound, in powder, is to be mixed in the solution, or juice in the vessel. This chemical compound isV to be prepared, and proporn tioned, in a manner, for which it is my intention to seek a separate patent, hereafter and in all cases, where these mechanical means of filtration are employed, in purifying any solution containing crystallizable matter, for the purpose of crystallizing the same, this compound is to be mixedv with the solution, while boiling, and when the solution is suciently boiled for filtering clear, which must be indicated by chemical practice, as diiferent articles in solution, will require different proportions of compound, and will filter, at different specific gravities; then the cock or valve a, in the blow up A, is to be opened, and the liquor allowed to descend, and fill the intermediate cylinder B, and filter boxes C, D, E, F, and drive out all the air through the air cock s2, and fill the exit pipes t, t, G and H and as soon as the cylinder and filter boxes are full the liquor under filtration will begin to run through the filter bags and frames and the successive parts of the apparatus, and as soon as the stream slackens, in running off, the cock or valve a, is to be shut, and the steam cock l, in the pipe K, is to be opened, to allow the access of high pressure steam from a boiler, this steam operating on the surface of the liquor in the cylinder B, will force the liquor or syrup, or

solution under filtration through the cotton bags on the Vfilter leaves L, into the space between the bars s, and it will run downward, into the groove in the frame y, and through the thimbles ai, and nozzles u, pipes t, and leader pipes G or H.

The liquor generally will not come clear at the commencement. Such liquor may be received into any convenient vessel beneath, until it becomes transparent and as soon as the compound mixed with the solution begins to coat on the outer surfaces of the filter bags, the liquor will come out a clear, colorless syrup or solution of crytallizable matter, and the operation of filtering will continue, with a stream of clear liquor, which if of a saccharine solution, on being evaporated n nac-uo, and afterward treated` in any proper manner will produce a pure white refined sugar, and this result will be the same whether t-he syrup is formed from raw cane sugar, or from cane juice, or beet root juice,

or other vegetable juices, containing sac` charine matter.

lV hen by continuous use, the filter bags,

and boxes become foul, and the liquor will not run freely, the boxes are to be opened, the filter frames or leaves taken out, the boxes well washed through, and the bags be taken off the frames. These are then to be thoroughly and separately washed, and

dried, and the bags and frames replaced for use as before described.

1t is not my intention to confine the use of these mechanical means of filtering two solutions of crystallizable matter, but to use them, for any similar purpose to which they can be applied, as stated in the preamble to this specification neither do I intend that this arrangementshall be limited in use to filtering solutions mixed with the chemical compounds beforereferred to because saccharine solutions mixed with ivory black in the proportions now commonly used will filter effectively in this apparatus and the whole can be used with any other liquid, saccharine or oleaginous matter mixed with any compound that will aid in purifying the article under treatment.

I do not claim to have invented the blow up or heat-er, herein described, or any portion of the fitting pipes, cocks or valves, that most immediately and properly belong to that vessel as the whole thereof are already well kno-wn. But

'I do claim as new and of my own invention,-

l. The application of the intermediate cylinder or vessel B, with the connecting pipe z', steam pipe 7c, and steam cock Z, for admitting steam to press on the article under treatment when applied in combination with the buoy float K, chain` 6, supply valve h4, and steam valve 71:2 for the purpose of vmaintaining a regular and successive supply of liquor and pressure of steam thereon wit-hin the vessel B,. for the purpose set forth and substantially as described and shown.

2. The application of the exit pipes t, t, and nozzles u, u to the filter boxes C, D, E and F to receive and act in combination with t-he thimbles, of the filter leaves or frames L, including any merely mechanical variation in the construction of the parts that shall be substantially the same in the means employed and the effects produced.

3. The mode described of constructing the lter leaves or frames L which may be of wood alone or of wood and metal conjointly, in either case each framed together in a tapered form to allow of the bags being drawn tightly on, and easily drawn off for cleaning and the combination therewith of the groove and thimbles fr, fr, in the lower frame piece y, when such mode of construction and combination or any variations substantially the same are used for any of the purposes herein set forth.V

fl. The application of tapered lter bags to envelop the frames L when used in combination with the means of securing the same on the frames by the tightening rod 1, and staple clasp 2, for the purposes set forth and substantially, as described and shown. In witness whereof I the said ETHAN CAMPBELL have hereunto set my hand in the city of New York this fifth day of April in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty live.

ETHAN CAMPBELL. [1.. s] Witnesses: Y

ALEXR. GARDINER, W. SERRELL, L. W. SERRELL. 

